How To Repair The Toilet American Standard Model A24422

Room for privately accessing a toilet, and oft handwashing basin

This commodity is about rooms in private residences. For facilities outside the home, come across Public toilet.

A toilet is a minor room used for privately accessing the sanitation fixture (toilet) for urination and defecation. Toilet rooms frequently include a sink (basin) with soap for handwashing, as this is important for personal hygiene. These rooms are typically referred to equally "half-bathrooms" (half-baths; half of a whole or full-bathroom).^[1]

This room is normally known as a "bath" in American English besides as in the United Kingdom, a "washroom" in Canadian English, and by many other names across the English language-speaking world.

Names [edit]

"Toilet" originally referred to personal training and came past metonymy to be used for the personal rooms used for bathing, dressing, and so on. It was then euphemistically used for the similarly private rooms used for urination and defecation. Past metonymy, it so came to refer directly to the fixtures in such rooms.^{[2] [3]} At present, the word refers primarily to such fixtures and using "toilet" to refer to the room or activeness ("use the toilet") is somewhat blunt and may exist considered indiscreet.^{[iv] [north 1]} It is, however, a useful term since it is speedily understood past English-speakers across the world, whereas more polite terms vary by region.

"Lavatory" (from the Latin lavatorium , "wash basin" or "washroom")^[5] was mutual in the 19th century and is nevertheless broadly understood, although it is taken as quite formal in American English, and more often refers to public toilets in Britain.^{[ citation needed ]} The wrinkle "lav"^[6] is ordinarily used in British English.^[seven]

In American English language, the nigh common term for a private toilet is "bath", regardless of whether a bathtub or shower is present.^{[8] [nine]} In British English language, "bathroom" is a common term simply is typically reserved for private rooms primarily used for bathing; a room without a bathtub or shower is more often known as a "WC", an abridgement for h2o cupboard,^[x] "lavatory", or "loo".^[11] Other terms are also used, some as role of a regional dialect.

Some forms of jargon have their own terms for toilets, including "lavatory" on commercial airplanes, "caput" on ships,^[12] and "latrine" in military machine contexts.^{[13] [n ii]} Larger houses often have a secondary room with a toilet and sink for use by guests.^[14] These are typically known as "powder rooms" or "half-baths" (half-bathroom) in N America,^[15] and "cloakrooms" in Britain.^[sixteen]

Other items in the room [edit]

The principal item in the room is the sanitation fixture itself, the toilet. This may be the flushing sort, which is plumbed into a cistern (tank) operated past a ballcock (float valve). Or information technology may be a dry out model, which does not need water.

The toilet room may also include a plunger, a rubber or plastic tool mounted on a handle, which is used to remove blockages from the toilet drain. Toilets often have a wall mirror above the sink for training, checking 1'southward appearance and/or makeup. Some toilets have a cupboard where cleaning supplies and personal hygiene products may be kept. If it is a flush toilet, then the room usually also includes a toilet castor for cleaning the bowl.

Methods of anal cleansing vary between cultures. If the norm is to utilise newspaper, then typically the room will have a toilet scroll holder, with the toilet paper hanging either next to or away from the wall. If instead, people are used to cleaning themselves with water, then the room may include a bidet shower (wellness faucet) or a bidet. Toilets such as the Washlet, popular in Japan, provide an automated washing function.

A sink (hand basin), with soap, is ordinarily present in the room or immediately outside information technology, to ensure easy handwashing. Above the sink there may exist a mirror, either mounted on the wall, or on a medicine chiffonier. This cabinet (which is more typically located in the household'southward principal bathroom) typically contains prescription and over the counter drugs, first assist supplies, and grooming equipment for shaving or makeup.

History [edit]

Into the modern era, humans typically skillful open defecation or employed latrines or outhouses over a pit toilet in rural areas and used chamber pots emptied into streets or drains in urban ones. The Indus Valley Civilization had particularly advanced sanitation, which included common employ of private flush toilets. The ancient Greeks and Romans had public toilets and, in some cases, indoor plumbing connected to rudimentary sewer systems. The latrines of medieval monasteries were known as reredorters; in some cases, these were connected to sophisticated h2o systems that swept its effluent abroad without affecting the community's drinking, cooking, or washing water.^{[17] [18]} In the early modern period, "night soil" from municipal outhouses became an important source of nitrates for creating gunpowder.^[19] 19th century refinements of the outhouse included the privy midden and the pail closet.

Indoor toilets were at outset a luxury of the rich and only gradually spread to the lower classes. Equally late as the 1890s, edifice regulations in London did not require working-grade housing to accept indoor toilets; into the early 20th century, some English homes were built with an upstairs toilet for use by the owners and an outhouse for use past the servants.^[twenty] In some cases, at that place was a transitional stage where toilets were built into the firm but accessible only from the exterior.^[21] Afterwards World War I, all new housing in London and its suburbs had indoor toilets.^[22]

Bathrooms became standard later than toilets, but entered working-class houses at around the aforementioned fourth dimension.^{[23] [24]} For plumbing reasons, flush toilets have normally been located in or near residences' bathrooms. (Both were initially located above the kitchen and scullery on the same account.) In upper-class homes, the first modern lavatories were washrooms with sinks located near the bedrooms; in lower-class homes, in that location was oftentimes simply a collapsible tub for bathing. In U.k., at that place was long a prejudice against having the toilet located in the bathroom proper: in 1904, Hermann Muthesius noted that "a lavatory [i.e., toilet] is practically never found in an English language bath; indeed it is considered downright inadmissible to have 1 there".^[28] When toilets were placed within bathrooms, the original reason was cost savings.^[22] In 1876 Edward William Godwin, a progressive architect-designer, drew up affordable housing with the toilet in the bathroom, and faced criticism for information technology.^[29]

America and almost European countries now combine their toilets and bathrooms.^[30] Split toilets remain common in British homes^[24] and remain a builder'south choice even in places where the norm is for the toilet to be in the bathroom.^[31] In French republic,^{[xxx] [32]} Japan,^{[33] [34]} and some other countries,^[14] divide toilets remain the norm for reasons of hygiene and privacy. In modern homes outside of French republic,^[30] such split up toilets typically contain a sink. In Japan, the toilet sometimes has a built-in sink (whose waste water is used for the next flush) to permit users to make clean themselves immediately.^[35] Japanese toilets besides often provide special slippers—apart from those worn in the rest of the house—for apply within the toilet.^{[34] [36] [37]}

Society and culture [edit]

In English language, all terms for toilets were originally euphemisms.^[3] It is generally considered coarse or even offensive to employ such direct terms as "shitter",^[38] although they are used in some areas. Formerly, broadcast censorship fifty-fifty banned mentions of the euphemisms: Jack Paar temporarily quit the Tonight Show in Feb 1960 when NBC circulate news footage in place of a joke he had taped involving the term "WC".

Gallery [edit]

• 

  A toilet room with an older style affluent toilet. The chain (on the upper right) is pulled to empty the elevated cistern (tank).

• 

• 

  A Japanese temple hotel, with squat toilet and toilet slippers

See too [edit]

• Bath (for personal hygiene, with or without a toilet inside)
• Sanitation

Notes [edit]

1. ^ In British contexts, it is considered non-U, with the upper course generally preferring "loo", "lavatory", and "bog".
2. ^ For other synonyms for toilet, run into "bath" at Wikisaurus.

References [edit]

1. ^ "What is a One-half Bath? The Mystery Backside Fractional Bathrooms, Solved". 12 March 2022.
2. ^ "toilet, n.", Oxford English Dictionary .
3. ^ ^{a b} Campbell, Lyle (2006), Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd ed. , Cambridge: MIT Press, p. 263, ISBN978-0-262-53267-9 .
4. ^ "What Are the Important Differences between Canadian and American (USA) English?", Stack Exchange, 9 December 2022 .
5. ^ "lavatory, northward.", Oxford English Dictionary .
6. ^ "lav., northward.", Oxford English Dictionary .
7. ^ "lav", Collins English Dictionary
8. ^ "bathroom, n.", Oxford English language Dictionary .
9. ^ Kovecses, Zoltan (2000), American English: An Introduction, Petersborough: Broadview, p. 253, ISBN978-1-55111-229-nine .
10. ^ "Due west, n." & "water closet, n.", Oxford English Dictionary .
11. ^ "loo, due north.⁴", Oxford English Dictionary .
12. ^ "caput, n.¹", Oxford English language Dictionary .
13. ^ "latrine, n.", Oxford English Dictionary .
14. ^ ^{a b} Thompson, John; et al. (2009), An Uncommon History of Mutual Things, Washington: National Geographic Society, p. 140, ISBN978-1-4262-0420-3 .
15. ^ "half-, comb. course", Oxford English Dictionary .
16. ^ "'cloak-room, north.", Oxford English Dictionary .
17. ^ Wright, Geoffrey N. (2004), Discovering Abbeys and Priories (4th ed.), Princes Risborough: Shire, p. 27, ISBN978-0-7478-0589-ii .
18. ^ Greene, J. Patrick (1992), Medieval Monasteries, Archaeology of Medieval Uk, Leicester: Leicester University Press, ISBN978-0-7185-1296-5 .
19. ^ Chase, Kenneth, Firearms: A Global History to 1700 .
20. ^ Muthesius, Stefan (1982), The English Terraced House, New Haven: Yale Academy Press, p. threescore, ISBN978-0-300-02871-three .
21. ^ Every bit in plates 86 and 87 depicting homes in Leeds and Halifax, Muthesius, p. 121.
22. ^ ^{a b} Jackson, Alan A. (1973), Semi-Detached London: Suburban Development, Life and Transport, 1900–39, London: Allen & Unwin, p. 145, ISBN978-0-04-902003-0 .
23. ^ Muthesius, pp. 61–62, 100, 137.
24. ^ ^{a b} Schmidt, William Eastward. (3 January 1992), "English language Bathrooms: Out of the Cupboard", The New York Times .
25. ^ Muthesius, Hermann (1904), Das englische Haus: Entwicklung, Bedingungen, Anlage, Aufbau, Einrichtung und Innenraum, Vol. 2 , Berlin: Wasmuth, OCLC 3437464 . (in German)
26. ^ Seligman, Janet (1979), The English House, London: Granada, p. 236, ISBN978-0-258-97101-7 .
27. ^ Long, Helen C. (1993), The Edwardian House: The Heart-Class Home in Britain, 1880-1914, Studies in Blueprint and Material Culture, Manchester: Manchester University Printing, p. 193, ISBN978-0-7190-3728-3 .
28. ^ Muthesius,^[25] quoted in translation by Seligman^[26] in Long.^[27]
29. ^ Grant, Sandra. "The Architects: Edward W Godwin". The Bedford Park Society. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved ii November 2022.
30. ^ ^{a b c} Léger, Jean-Michel (1990), Derniers Domiciles Connus: Enquête sur les Nouveaux Logements, 1970–1990, Paris: Créaphis, p. p. 129, ISBN978-two-907150-18-7 . (in French)
31. ^ Harrison, Henry (1998), Houses: The Illustrated Guide to Construction, Design, and Systems, 3rd ed. , Chicago: Real Estate Education Co., pp. 64–65, ISBN978-0-7931-2967-6 .
32. ^ Taylor, Emerge Adamson (2003), Culture Stupor!: France, 2nd ed. , Portland: Graphic Arts Centre, p. 199, ISBN9781558687677, OCLC 30753428 .
33. ^ Goldman, Alan (1994), Doing Business With the Japanese: A Guide to Successful Communication, Management and Affairs, SUNY Series in Speech Advice, Albany: State University of New York Press, p. 73, ISBN978-0-7914-1946-5 .
34. ^ ^{a b} "Toilets", Encyclopedia of Gimmicky Japanese Civilization, London: Routledge, 2002, pp. 527 f, ISBN978-0-415-14344-viii .
35. ^ Molotch, Harvey Luskin (2003), Where Stuff Comes From: How Toasters, Toilets, Cars, Computers, and Many Other Things Come to Be As They Are, London: Routledge, p. pp. 101–02, ISBN978-0-415-94400-7 .
36. ^ Phillips, Jennifer (2003), "Personal Hygiene", In the Know in Japan: The Indispensable Cross-cultural Guide to Working and Living in Japan, New York: Terra Cognita, ISBN978-0-609-61114-ii .
37. ^ Horvat, Andrew (2000), Japanese Beyond Words: How to Walk and Talk Like a Native Speaker, Berkeley: Stone Bridge, pp. 28–29, ISBN978-1-880656-42-6 .
38. ^ "shitter, n.", Oxford English Lexicon, Oxford: Oxford University Press .

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet_(room)

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